Musings on Markets

OCTOBER 6, 2023

After a buzzy open, when the stock jumped from its offering price of $30 a share to $42, the stock has quickly given up those gains and now trades at below to its offer price.

Intangible Assets

Musings on Markets

JULY 17, 2023

At the start of the year, the consensus of market experts was that this would be a difficult year for markets, given the macro worries about inflation and an impending recession, and adding in the fear of the Fed raising rates to this mix made bullishness a rare commodity on Wall Street. That pessimism was not restricted to market outlooks.

Marketability

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 27, 2022

In this post, I will look at corporate profitability, in all its different dimensions, and how companies across the globe, and across industries, measured up in the most recent years. To make comparisons, profits are scaled to common metrics, with revenues and book value of investment being the most common scalar.

Start-ups

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 5, 2024

First, these categorizations were created close to twenty years ago, when I first started looking a global data, and many countries that were emerging markets then have developed into more mature markets now. Return on Equity 1. Equity Risk Premiums 2. Costs of equity & capital 4. Costs of equity & capital 1.

Dividends

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity

Brian DeChesare

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

Ask anyone interested in distressed debt hedge funds for “the pitch,” and they’ll probably mention one of the following: “It’s like long/short equity or credit , but more interesting!” Distressed investing offers equity-like returns with lower risk.” Distressed assets offer non-correlated returns, similar to global macro.”

Equity

Brian DeChesare

JUNE 1, 2022

But over time, trends like market liberalization, deregulation, the shift to renewables, and the ESG religion “movement” have shaken up a sleepy sector. We’ll get into these fun developments, but I want to start with the basic definitions: Power & Utilities Investment Banking Defined.

Banking

Equilest

FEBRUARY 24, 2024

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Business Valuation

ThomsonReuters

DECEMBER 7, 2023

Capitalization, which is used to reflect the long-term value of an asset , is the process of recording an expense as an asset on the balance sheet versus as an expense on the income statement. While capitalization increases assets and equity, amortization is reflected as an expense on the income statement and reduces net income.

Intangible Assets

Musings on Markets

NOVEMBER 10, 2022

It is in pursuit of answering these questions that accountants generate financial statements, and the three most basic are: The balance sheet , which summarizes what a firm owns and owes at a point in time, as well as an estimate of what equity is worth (through accounting eyes).

Finance

IBG Business

SEPTEMBER 11, 2024

That is especially true when the buyer is a private equity group or other type of “financial” buyer, which is the case in seven out of 10 deals that we have closed over the last several years. Cleaning Up Your Financials While recasting your financials is a task we perform, “cleaning up” your financials is something that only you can do.

Start-ups

Musings on Markets

JULY 22, 2021

Zomato, an Indian online food-delivery company, was opened up to public market investors on July 14, 2021, and its market debut is being watched for clues by a number of other online ventures in India, waiting in the wings to go public.

Marketability

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 15, 2023

To set the stage, I will start by laying out the differences measure of earnings that reported on an income statement: At the top of the profit ladder is gross income , the earnings left over after a company has covered the direct cost of producing whatever it sells.

Start-ups

ThomsonReuters

JUNE 15, 2021

Use of Special purpose acquisition (SPAC) vehicles have spiked over the past year because private equity and venture capital firms have excess cash they need to put to work, accounting practitioners said mid-June. These standards require companies to assess whether the warrants should be equity or liability classified.

Risk-free Rate

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 6, 2023

In my last post, I talked about the ritual that I go through every year ahead of my teaching each spring, and in this one, I will start on the first of a series of posts that I make at the start of each year, where I look at data, both macro and company-level. That is not true!

Risk Premium

Valutico

DECEMBER 15, 2022

“Wind farms are valued at €0.8m – €1.2m SaaS start-ups are valued at 10x Sales”. Equity Vs. Enterprise Multiples – Which To Use? The ratio is either related to the Equity Value or ratios related to the Enterprise Value. . An example of an equity multiple: Price / Earnings.

Precedent Transaction Analysis

Valutico

DECEMBER 15, 2022

“Wind farms are valued at €0.8m – €1.2m SaaS start-ups are valued at 10x Sales”. Equity Vs. Enterprise Multiples – Which To Use? The ratio is either related to the Equity Value or ratios related to the Enterprise Value. . An example of an equity multiple: Price / Earnings.

Precedent Transaction Analysis

Valutico

MAY 6, 2024

Market-based methods like Comparable Companies Analysis and Precedent Transactions Analysis offer relative measures of value based on market data. Income-based methods such as Discounted Cash Flow analysis focus on future cash flows to determine value. For more insights, do have a look at our article on market multiple based valuation.

Discounted Cash Flow

Reynolds Holding

FEBRUARY 12, 2024

According to researcher Giuliano Bologna at Compass Point Research and Trading , Inc: In the third quarter of 2023, only six us banks had non-mortgage consumer loans (personal, student, etc), measured at fair value, with SoFi’s loans making up more than 95% of the total. and its CET1 ratio would be cut from 14.3 percent to 8.9

Banking

Reynolds Holding

APRIL 18, 2024

a lower cost of raising equity capital), increased profitability, lower audit fees, and fewer shareholder disputes compared with non-CEFO firms (i.e., Over hree-year and five-year windows starting in 2005 and 2011], CEFO firms paid audit fees that were up to 16.3

Start-ups

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 9, 2021

The second was that, starting mid-year in 2020, equity markets and the real economy moved in different directions, with the former rising on the expectations a post-virus future, and the latter languishing, as most of the world continued to operate with significant constraints.

Risk Premium

Chris Mercer

AUGUST 1, 2022

This 2008 version had information on 477 restricted stock transactions, up from 430 transactions in the 2004 version. There were 231 transactions after April 1997, when the SEC’s period of restriction was reduced from two years to one year (up from 182 transactions in the 2004 version). Conclusion.

Dividends

Musings on Markets

MAY 7, 2023

In this post, I will begin by looking at how to value banks and follow up with an examination of investor views of banking have changed, by looking at pricing, before examining divergences in how banks are priced in the market today. All Equity, All the time!

Banking

Musings on Markets

MARCH 8, 2023

Thus, the notion that a company that pays dividends is viewed as a failure strikes me as odd, since just farmers seed fields in order to harvest them, we start businesses because we plan to eventually collect cash flows from them. Viewed in that context, dividends as just as integral to a business, as the investing and financing decisions.

Dividends

Class VI Partner

JULY 28, 2021

Start with this exit checklist. Adjusted Net Book Value Adjusted Net Book Value is the Book Value of a business that has been adjusted to reflect the current market value of the assets and liabilities of a company. Exit Checklist. Want to get a sense for what it takes to sell your company?

Book Value

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 27, 2023

That may reflect the concern that once a person or entity starts borrowing to fund its needs, it is easy to overuse debt, and risk its wellbeing in the process. To fund the business, you can either use borrowed money (debt) or owner's funds (equity), and while both are sources of capital, they represent different claims on the business.

Equity

Global Finance

JULY 29, 2024

One avenue for the banking sector is to start from scratch, as KakaoBank did in South Korea and Nubank in Brazil. Higher interest rates have given banks some relief over the past few years, increasing their net interest income while hampering competitors—particularly fintech startups dependent on equity financing.

Banking

Sun Acquisitions

OCTOBER 5, 2022

It’s an excellent way to establish a business’ fair value as the valuation itself is conducted by an independent third party. Business valuation experts may look into the organization’s earnings multipliers, market cap, and book value in order to give an objective estimation of the company’s worth. Offer-to-Purchase Agreement.

Business Valuation

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 4, 2023

The Lead In As noted in the introductory paragraph, I start from a position of ignorance about the Adani Group, and it thus made sense to fill in that gap. First, they are infrastructure businesses , requiring large up-front investments and having long gestation periods, with regulatory and government oversight.

Start-ups

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 26, 2025

In my first two data posts for 2025, I looked at the strong year that US equities had in 2024, but a very good year for the overall market does not always translate into equivalent returns across segments of the market. In this post, I will remain focused on US equities, but I will break them into groupings, looking for differences.

Price to Book

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 6, 2025

The results, broken down broadly by geography are in the table below: As you can see, the aggregate market cap globally was up 12.17%, but much of that was the result of a strong US equity market. I am no expert on exchange rates, but learning to deal with different currencies in valuation is a prerequisite to valuing companies.

Risk Premium