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Country Risk 2025: The Story behind the Numbers!

Musings on Markets

If default risk seems like to provide too narrow a focus on countr risk, you can consider using country risk scores , which at least in principle, incorporate other components of country risk. 1.025) -1 = 34.45% Note that this process scales up the equity risk premium to a higher number for high-inflation currencies.

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Down Round Valuation: How to Survive and Protect Your Equity (2025)

Equidam

From 2008 until 2022, most central banks lowered interest rates to 1% or below, creating what economists call the Zero Interest Rate Policy (ZIRP). Strategy 2: Bridge to Better Times When down rounds seem inevitable but you believe the market correction is temporary, bridge financing can provide an alternative path.

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Sovereign Ratings, Default Risk and Markets: The Moody's Downgrade Aftermath!

Musings on Markets

Sovereign Defaults: A History Through time, governments have often been dependent on debt to finance themselves, some in the local currency and much in a foreign currency. Sovereign default can make banking systems more fragil e. Sovereign default also increases the likelihood of political chang e.

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Loic Leonard, ION: Advanced Analytics And AI Tackle Treasury Challenges

Global Finance

Global Finance : What are the benefits and technology required for a “real-time treasury”? Fiduciary benefits include more aggressive cash-cushion management through real-time bank account forecasted end-of-day balances, which frees up cash for investment and reduces interest and/or fees.

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Financing Year in Review: The Tide Turns

Harvard Corporate Governance

Looking ahead to 2023, with risk-free rates and credit spreads still elevated and the credit, deal making, regulatory and geopolitical environments uncertain, corporate borrowers and sponsors will need to plan rigorously to succeed on levered acquisitions and spin-offs and important refinancings.

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In Search of Safe Havens: The Trust Deficit and Risk-free Investments!

Musings on Markets

In every introductory finance class, you begin with the notion of a risk-free investment, and the rate on that investment becomes the base on which you build, to get to expected returns on risky assets and investments. What is a risk free investment? Why does the risk-free rate matter?

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Convertible Arbitrage Hedge Funds: The Perfect Combination of Investment Banking and Sales & Trading?

Brian DeChesare

Traditionally, if someone asked the “ sales & trading vs. investment banking ” question, the response was easy: “Do banking unless you really, really like trading and could not imagine doing anything else.”. Investment Banking: 13%. Credit Investing or Credit Rating Agency: 6%. Mixed IB / S&T Background: 6%.