Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 23, 2025

The debt equity trade off, in frictional terms, is in the picture below: As you look through these trade offs, real or frictional, you are probably wondering how you would put them into practice, with a real company, when you are asked to estimate how much it should be borrow, with more specificity.

Equity

Reynolds Holding

MARCH 16, 2023

Non-bank financial intermediation (NFBI) – encompassing a broad range of capital sources, including broker-dealers, private funds, and open-end funds (OEFs) – is vital for the financing of the real economy, serving as a critical complement to the traditional banking sector.

Banking

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 27, 2023

Note that this framework applies for all businesses, from the smallest, privately owned businesses, where debt takes the form of bank loans and even credit card borrowing and equity is owner savings, the largest publicly traded companies, where debt can be in the form of corporate bonds and equity is shares held by public market investors.

Equity