Banking Risk Premium Systematic Risk 
Equidam
APRIL 22, 2025
10] , [23] , [2] Discount Rate: The rate used to discount future cash flows is typically the cost of equity, calculated via the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium. [23] 23] Risk-Free Rate: Tied to government bond yields (e.g.,
Reynolds Holding
FEBRUARY 23, 2025
Regulatory changes introduce uncertainty, and their effects are further confounded by the ever-present unpredictability of markets even known variations, whether from unpredictability in inflation and interest rates driven by the Fed, or the basic requirements for capital-raising and deployment set by the SEC equate to risk. 3] [link]. [4]
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