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Data Update 1 for 2025: The Draw (and Danger) of Data

Musings on Markets

It is the end of the first full week in 2025, and my data update for the year is now up and running, and I plan to use this post to describe my data sample, my processes for computing industry statistics and the links to finding them. Beta & Risk 1. Equity Risk Premiums 2. Return on Equity 1. Debt Details 1.

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Data Update 6 for 2025: From Macro to Micro - The Hurdle Rate Question!

Musings on Markets

In the first five posts, I have looked at the macro numbers that drive global markets, from interest rates to risk premiums, but it is not my preferred habitat. The second set of inputs are prices of risk, in both the equity and debt markets, with the former measured by equity risk premiums , and the latter by default spreads.

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Data Update 4 for 2022: Risk = Danger + Opportunity!

Musings on Markets

Investors all talk about risk, but there seems to be little consensus on what it is, how it should be measured, and how it plays out in the short and long term. In closing, I will talk about some of the more dangerous delusions that undercut good risk taking. What is risk?

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Country Risk: A 2022 Mid-year Update!

Musings on Markets

It has been my practice for the last two decades to take a detailed look at how risk varies across countries, once at the start of the year and once mid-year. Country Risk: Default Risk and Ratings For investors, the most direct measures of country risk come from measures of their capacity to default on their borrowings.

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9 Startup Valuation Methods: 5 to Use, 4 to Avoid

Equidam

Instead of comparing to an average, it typically starts with a maximum potential pre-money valuation deemed achievable for a startup of that type in its region. Unlike the Scorecard, it doesn’t explicitly benchmark against competitors but focuses on the startup’s internal milestones and risk mitigation.

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Data Update 1 for 2024: The data speaks, but what does it say?

Musings on Markets

First, these categorizations were created close to twenty years ago, when I first started looking a global data, and many countries that were emerging markets then have developed into more mature markets now. Beta & Risk 1. Equity Risk Premiums 2. Return on Equity 1. Debt Ratios & Fundamentals 1.

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Data Update 4 for 2021: The Hurdle Rate Question!

Musings on Markets

In this post, I will start by looking at the role that hurdle rates play in running a business, with the consequences of setting them too high or too low, and then look at the fundamentals that should cause hurdle rates to vary across companies. More on that issue in a future data update post.)