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Data Update 1 for 2025: The Draw (and Danger) of Data

Musings on Markets

Thus, as you peruse my historical data on implied equity risk premiums or PE ratios for the S&P 500 over time, you may be tempted to compute averages and use them in your investment strategies, or use my industry averages for debt ratios and pricing multiples as the target for every company in the peer group, but you should hold back.

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Data Update 6 for 2025: From Macro to Micro - The Hurdle Rate Question!

Musings on Markets

In the first five posts, I have looked at the macro numbers that drive global markets, from interest rates to risk premiums, but it is not my preferred habitat. The second set of inputs are prices of risk, in both the equity and debt markets, with the former measured by equity risk premiums , and the latter by default spreads.

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Country Risk: A 2022 Mid-year Update!

Musings on Markets

Country Risk: Equity Risk For equity investors, the price of risk is captured by the equity risk premium, and equity risk premiums will vary across countries. Please do not attach any political significance to my country groupings, or take them personally.

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Discount Rate—Explanation, Definition and Examples

Valutico

For central banks like the Federal Reserve, it helps control the economy. They set this rate to affect how much money moves through banks and influences short-term interest rates. We are going to focus on how discount rates are used in the context of investment, rather than in the context of central banks.

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SWS Group: The Breakdown

Appraisal Rights

Further to our prior post about Delaware’s two new appraisal decisions, SWS Group was a small, struggling bank holding company that merged on January 1, 2015 into one of its own substantial creditors, Hilltop Holdings. With regard to beta, the court found fault with both side’s approach. at closing. below the merger price.

Beta 40
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Review the concept of WACC

Andrew Stolz

A firm borrows from banks or bondholders and it has to pay the interest. The formula implies the return an investor expects from a risk-free investment plus the return from the stock in relation to market volatility. The market risk premium is calculated from a market rate of return less a risk-free rate.

Beta 52
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The Dividend Discount Model (DDM): The Black Sheep of Valuation?

Brian DeChesare

But people who aim for investment banking roles are very much into those bells and whistles, so questions about the DDM and other “exotic” methodologies began rolling in. To be fair, in some industries – like commercial banks and insurance within FIG – the DDM is a core valuation methodology.