Business Valuation Market Risk Systematic Risk 
Andrew Stolz
AUGUST 5, 2020
Beta is a multiple used to adjust up (Beta > 1) the equity risk premium if a stock is expected to be riskier than the market, and down (Beta < 1) if the stock is lower risk than the market. Investments are exposed to two types of risk: systematic and unsystematic. E(r) = Rf + ??(Rm
Equidam
APRIL 22, 2025
10] , [23] , [2] Discount Rate: The rate used to discount future cash flows is typically the cost of equity, calculated via the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium. [23] 23] Risk-Free Rate: Tied to government bond yields (e.g.,
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