Musings on Markets

AUGUST 15, 2023

In every introductory finance class, you begin with the notion of a risk-free investment, and the rate on that investment becomes the base on which you build, to get to expected returns on risky assets and investments. What is a risk free investment? Why does the risk-free rate matter?

Risk-free Rate 80

Risk-free Rate Treasury Risk Premium Start-ups 80

Valutico

APRIL 17, 2023

Determining a company’s “Cost of Capital” is vital in corporate finance and valuation, and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) provides a specific way of doing so. These costs are then combined into a “weighted average” which represents the overall cost of financing a business.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Valutico

APRIL 17, 2023

Determining a company’s “Cost of Capital” is vital in corporate finance and valuation, and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) provides a specific way of doing so. These costs are then combined into a “weighted average” which represents the overall cost of financing a business.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Valutico

APRIL 12, 2023

Determining a company’s “Cost of Capital” is vital in corporate finance and valuation, and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) provides a specific way of doing so. These costs are then combined into a “weighted average” which represents the overall cost of financing a business.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 5, 2020

In other words, the cost of equity is the rate of returns a firm pays to its shareholders. Risk-free rate . The systematic risk of the security (Beta). The growth rate of dividends . Where R(e) = expected return on investment, Rf = risk-free rate, Rm = expected return of the market, and ??

Equity 52

Equity Risk-free Rate Dividends Beta 52

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 6, 2020

The expected return on an asset is determined by the risk-free rate of return with the addition of the asset’s beta to each macroeconomic factor that impacts the return on the asset multiplied by the risk premium of those factors. Inflation rate: ß = 0.6, The risk-free rate is 5%. 1 + RP1 + ??2+

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Beta Marketability 52

Equilest

JANUARY 3, 2023

Finance professionals and investors have widely used this theory as a powerful tool to predict stock prices and portfolio returns. Let's say the risk-free rate is 3%, the risk premium for market risk is 5%, the risk premium for industry risk is 4%, and the risk premium for country risk is 2%.

Risk Premium 40

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Market Risk Finance 40

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 19, 2022

In a post at the start of 2021 , I argued that while stocks entered the year at elevated levels, especially on historic metrics (such as PE ratios), they were priced to deliver reasonable returns, relative to very low risk free rates (with the treasury bond rate at 0.93% at the start of 2021).

Risk Premium 80

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Start-ups Equity 80

Valutico

DECEMBER 12, 2023

We’ve integrated new emerging market transaction data from EMIS, a significant enhancement covered by major news outlets like Yahoo Finance and Asia One. New Emerging Market Data (From EMIS): What? New and existing customers can reach out to upgrade and access this valuable data that opens doors to critical insights. Why Important?

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Market Risk Marketability 52

Harvard Corporate Governance

JANUARY 24, 2023

Looking ahead to 2023, with risk-free rates and credit spreads still elevated and the credit, deal making, regulatory and geopolitical environments uncertain, corporate borrowers and sponsors will need to plan rigorously to succeed on levered acquisitions and spin-offs and important refinancings.

Finance 227

Finance Risk-free Rate Marketability Banking 227

Brian DeChesare

AUGUST 31, 2022

The risk-free rate is higher – because investors benefit from “delaying” their eventual purchase of the underlying shares when they earn higher interest elsewhere. The risk-free rate and time to maturity also affect the Liability component (and other factors, such as the company’s credit quality, play a role).

Banking 64

Banking Risk-free Rate Equity Start-ups 64

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 28, 2024

In this post, I look at risk, a central theme in finance and investing, but one that is surprisingly misunderstood and misconstrued. That said, and notwithstanding decades of research and debate on the topic, there are still wide differences in how risk is defined and measured. What is risk?

Risk Premium 93

Risk Premium Beta Start-ups Equity 93

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 8, 2022

That said, it is my experience with markets that has also made me skeptical about the over selling of both notions, since we have an entire branch of finance (behavioral finance/economics) that has developed to explain how more data does not always lead to better decisions and why crowds can often be collectively wrong.

Risk Premium 91

Risk Premium Start-ups Market Capitalization Corporate Finance 91

Musings on Markets

OCTOBER 4, 2023

Thus, the equity risk premium of 4.84% on October 1, 2023, when added to the ten-year T.Bond rate of 4.58% on that day yields an expected return on equity of 9.42%, up from 8.81% on July 1, 2023. below the index value of 4288, confirming my base case conclusion.

Marketability 104

Marketability Start-ups Risk Premium Treasury 104

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 24, 2024

Note also that during 2022 and 2023, the movements in these government bond rates mimic the US treasuries, rising strongly in 2022 and declining or staying stable in 2023. Corporate Borrowing As riskfree rates fluctuate, they affect the rates at which private businesses can borrow money.

Treasury 52

Treasury Risk Premium Start-ups Risk-free Rate 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 30, 2023

Returns in 2022 In my first classes in finance, as a student, I was taught that the US treasury rate was a risk free rate, with the logic being that since the US treasury could always print money, it would not default.

Treasury 74

Treasury Start-ups Risk Premium Equity 74

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 12, 2021

Corporate Finance : Corporate finance is the development of the first financial principles that govern how to run a business. It is that mission that makes corporate finance the ultimate big picture class, one that everyone (entrepreneurs, investors, analysts, business observers) should take. Of course, but with two caveats.

Corporate Finance 52

Corporate Finance Start-ups Finance Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

NOVEMBER 9, 2021

In this post , I argued that one of the key dividing lines between the two groups was flexibility , with companies with more flexible investing, financing and dividend policies winning out over companies with more rigidity on those dimensions. for mature markets.

Start-ups 99

Start-ups Dividends Marketability Market Capitalization 99

ThomsonReuters

MAY 6, 2021

The cash flows from an entire business include inflows and outflows from investing, financing, and operating activities (such as sales, collections on receivables, expenditures, and settling accounts payable). The Codification often provides guidance on how to select a discount rate for a particular area of accounting.

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Intangible Assets 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 5, 2024

I have also developed a practice in the last decade of spending much of January exploring what the data tells us, and does not tell us, about the investing, financing and dividend choices that companies made during the most recent year. Beta & Risk 1. Tax rates 4. Financing Flows 5. Aggregate operating numbers 3.

Dividends 98

Dividends Risk Premium Equity Book Value 98

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity 79

Equity Book Value Start-ups Corporate Finance 79

Musings on Markets

AUGUST 5, 2023

In short, the expected return on a risky investment can be constructed as the sum of the returns you can expect on a guaranteed investment, i.e., a riskfree rate, and a risk premium, which will scale up as risk increases. The risk premium that you demand has different names in different markets.

Risk Premium 78

Risk Premium Equity Start-ups Treasury 78

Brian DeChesare

FEBRUARY 28, 2024

Fixed Income Research Definition: In fixed income research, finance professionals analyze companies’ debt issuances and make pricing and investment recommendations based on their outlook for each one. Rates: Is the “risk-free rate” truly risk-free ? What might cause a bond’s price to change?

Equity 59

Equity Banking Start-ups Finance 59

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 8, 2022

In this post, I will start with a working definition of riskt that we can get some degree of agreement about, and then look at multiple measures of risk, both at the company and country level. In closing, I will talk about some of the more dangerous delusions that undercut good risk taking. What is risk?

Risk Premium 67

Risk Premium Beta Start-ups Equity 67

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 21, 2023

That said, when investors buy equities, it would be both irrational and illogical to settle for expected returns that are less than what you can earn on risk free or guaranteed investments, though behavioral finance suggests that both irrationality and illogic are persistent human traits. Stocks: The What Next?

Equity 70

Equity Risk Premium Start-ups Dividends 70

Appraisal Rights

AUGUST 8, 2017

The Court thus observed that while chancery has broad discretion to make findings of fact, those findings of fact must be grounded in the record and consistent with principles of corporate finance and economics. to that figure assumed, without accompanying record support, that another period of robust, above-market growth was on the way.

Discounted Cash Flow 40

Discounted Cash Flow Comparable Company Analysis Risk-free Rate Appraisal 40